Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Fri, 1 Mar 91 02:13:09 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Fri, 1 Mar 91 02:13:06 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #216 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 216 Today's Topics: Galileo Update #2 - 02/28/91 Re: Government vs. Commercial R&D (Really about MSFC) micro-meteors Galileo Update - 02/28/91 Moons seen from Mars (followup) Re: Terraforming, sun shield Re: chimps in space -- question Re: Government vs. Commercial R&D (Really about MSFC) Suggestion for Updates format Re: Space Profits Moons seen from Mars Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 28 Feb 91 23:27:56 GMT From: swrinde!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@ucsd.edu (Ron Baalke) Subject: Galileo Update #2 - 02/28/91 GALILEO STATUS REPORT February 28, 1991 As of noon (PST) Thursday, February 28, 1991, the Galileo spacecraft is 33,653,740 miles from the Earth and traveling at a heliocentric speed of 74,640 miles per hour; distance to the Sun is 98,620,210 miles (1.07 AU). Round trip light time is 6 minutes, 0 seconds. A NO-OP command was successfully sent on February 25 to reset the Command Loss Timer to 240 hours, its planned value for this mission phase. Two more sun acquisition activities were successfully completed on February 22 and 25. These were the final two sun acquisitions performed in the all-spin mode during this mission phase. The star scanner high voltage was reactivated and the spacecraft successfully returned to dual-spin operation on February 25. Cruise Science Memory Readouts (MROs) were performed on the EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer), MAG (Magnetometer) and DDS (Dust Detector) instruments on February 25; readouts were also performed for the DDS and MAG instruments on February 28. The first of seven planned UVS (Ultraviolet Spectrometer) Lyman Alpha data collection activities was successfully performed on February 28, subsequent to the resumption of dual-spin operation on February 25. Another USO (Ultra Stable Oscillator) calibration test was completed on February 24 to provide trend information characterizing this downlink frequency source. Commands were sent on February 27 to change the engineering variable telemetry map to include the measurements needed for the upcoming CDU (Command Data Unit) and RFS (Radio Frequency Subsystem) tests. Subsequent to these tests, changes will be made restoring the map to the previous measurement configuration used to maximize visibility into the AC/DC bus imbalance anomaly. Another radio frequency receiver Tracking Loop Capacitor test was completed on February 28. This test provides trend information characterizing the performance of the RF command receiver. The AC/DC bus imbalance measurements exhibited some activity. The AC measurement fluctuated 2 DN and now reads 45.8 volts. The DC measurement fluctuated 5 DN and now reads 9.1 volts. All other power-related telemetry and subsystem telemetry are normal. No notable changes were observed in the bus imbalance measurements after returning to dual-spin operation on February 25. The Project reviewed and approved the Cruise Plan for the EE-1 (Earth-Earth) sequence on February 26, 1991. This sequence controls spacecraft activities from April 29, 1991 to July 22, 1991. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | Is it mind over matter, ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | or matter over mind? /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | Never mind. |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | It doesn't matter. ------------------------------ Date: 28 Feb 91 06:26:13 GMT From: zephyr.ens.tek.com!tektronix!sequent!crg5!szabo@uunet.uu.net (Nick Szabo) Subject: Re: Government vs. Commercial R&D (Really about MSFC) In article <1991Feb27.190949.5487@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes: >It is a mistake to assume that "advanced propulsion" and "chemical rockets" >are mutually exclusive. Small, incremental advances can still be made with chemcial rockets. Good examples are AMROC's use of hybrid fuels, and OSC/Hercule's replacement of the first stage with an airplane. It is _not_ a mistake to observe that chemical rockets have known low limits in their efficiency which can be breached only by non-rocket or non-chemical technology. -- Nick Szabo szabo@sequent.com "What are the _facts_, and to how many decimal places?" -- RAH ------------------------------ Date: 28 Feb 91 17:08:00 GMT From: swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!van-bc!ubc-cs!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!helios.physics.utoronto.ca!ists!nereid!white@ucsd.edu (Harold Peter White) Subject: micro-meteors Can anyone out there tell me where I can get info on what exists in the inter-planetary medium in the way of dust, micro-meteors, etc. My library searches do not seem to be all that productive here. Thanks, H. Peter White Space Astrophysics Laboratory ------------------------------ Date: 28 Feb 91 18:30:08 GMT From: elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@decwrl.dec.com (Ron Baalke) Subject: Galileo Update - 02/28/91 GALILEO STATUS REPORT February 28, 1991 Today, several activities are planned for the Galileo spacecraft consisting of: o Another RFS (Radio Frequency Subsystem) TLC (Tracking Loop Capacitor) characterization test. o A UVS (Ultraviolet Spectrometer) Lyman Alpha data collection. o MAG (Magnetometer) and DDS (Dust Detector) memory readout. Tomorrow, several activities are planned including: o EPD (Energetic Particles Detector) motor maintenance. o EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer) and EPD memory readout. o a SITURN (a small maneuver to keep the High Gain Antenna pointed at the sun). ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | Is it mind over matter, ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | or matter over mind? /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | Never mind. |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | It doesn't matter. ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 28 Feb 91 13:48:03 EST From: John Roberts Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are those of the sender and do not reflect NIST policy or agreement. Subject: Moons seen from Mars (followup) And the Earth's moon, seen from Mars at closest approach, should have an angular separation from the Earth of up to about .28 degree, or roughly 60% of the angular diameter of the moon seen from Earth - so there should be no problem resolving it. John Roberts roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov ------------------------------ Date: 28 Feb 91 21:03:40 GMT From: usc!nic.csu.net!csun!csunb.csun.edu!bcphyagi@ucsd.edu (Stephen Walton) Subject: Re: Terraforming, sun shield Before we start terraforming, we should remember that no geometric progression can continue forever. A very old Isaac Asimov article pointed out many years ago that with a 50-year doubling time for human population, the mass of humans would exceed the mass of the earth by about the year 3000. Put another way, if Venus could be opened for human colonization at the time Earth becomes "full" (whatever that means), then Venus would become full only 50 years later. -- Stephen R. Walton, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Cal State Northridge bcphyagi@csunb.csun.edu until my Suns come back up ------------------------------ Date: 1 Mar 91 04:15:00 GMT From: agate!bionet!uwm.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!lavaca.uh.edu!jetson.uh.edu!acsls@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (Eddie A. McCreary) Subject: Re: chimps in space -- question In article <1991Feb26.170300.164@husc3.harvard.edu>, millgram@husc4.harvard.edu (Elijah Millgram) writes: > Can anyone tell me about instances of chimpanzees > being sent into space (name and date of mission, > purpose and results of mission, name of chimp, etc.)? > > And a subsidiary question: does anyone know of movies > in which chimps are sent into space? > > Many thanks, > > Lije > > -- > > > > Elijah Millgram millgram@husc4.harvard.edu Here you go... Mission Date Occupant Duration Objective LJ-2 12/4/59 Sam (RM) 0:11:06 High altitude abort with primate LJ-1B 1/21/60 Miss Sam (RM) 0:08:35 Max q abort to test launch escape system & recovery equip. MR-2 1/31/61 Ham (C) 0:16:39 Suborbital qualification of abort with primate MA-5 12/29/61 Eros (C) 3:20:59 Three orbit test of life support system RM stands for Rhesus Monkey, C for Chimpanzee Duration is in hours:minutes:seconds From _The History of Manned Space Flight_ by David Baker. Also, Sputnik 2 carried two dogs, Stelka and Belka and Sputnik 3 carried another two dogs, Pchelka and Mushka. Theses were launched on Aug. 20 and Dec 1, 1957 respectively. -- Eddie McCreary EMcCreary@uh.edu, Internet To thine own self be true... EMcCreary@UHOU, BITNET University of Houston ------------------------------ Date: 28 Feb 91 16:52:55 GMT From: mintaka!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!usc!cs.utexas.edu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!utzoo!henry@bloom-beacon.mit.edu (Henry Spencer) Subject: Re: Government vs. Commercial R&D (Really about MSFC) In article <21257@crg5.UUCP> szabo@crg5.UUCP (Nick Szabo) writes: >... It is _not_ a mistake >to observe that chemical rockets have known low limits in their efficiency >which can be breached only by non-rocket or non-chemical technology. However, it is a mistake to infer from this that research into better chemical rockets is not worthwhile. For high-velocity deep-space missions we need something better. But for launch from Earth to orbit, efficiency is not the big concern. Existing rockets are adequately efficient; their problem is that they cost too much. We are orders of magnitude away from any theoretical limits in *that* area. -- "But this *is* the simplified version | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology for the general public." -S. Harris | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 26 Feb 91 18:59:37 GMT From: bonnie.concordia.ca!IRO.UMontreal.CA!JSP.UMontreal.CA!dignard@uunet.uu.net (Dignard Michel) Subject: Suggestion for Updates format ** Ref. <1991Feb25.194550.24443@jato.jpl.nasa.gov> (sci.astro) 25 Feb 91 19:45:50 GMT [baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)] -- Magellan Update - 02/25/91 -- Great thanks to Ron Baalke for his regular postings of NASA's "satellites" status reports. For the benefit of outsiders like me and occasional lookers, who tend to forget (and sometimes even ignore) which "satellite" or spacecraft is doing what, but are nevertheless interested in the news, I would suggest that the main mission of that particular "space-object" be systematically recalled in a short line at the beginning of the report. e.g. > MAGELLAN STATUS REPORT > February 25, 1992 [Mapping of Venus Mission] -- Michel Dignard | [Je ne parle que pour moi, et qu'a moi] Services informatiques | Universite de Montreal | [Speaking only for myself, and to myself only] (DIGNARD@JSP.UMontreal.CA) | ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 28 Feb 91 10:31:37 -0500 From: "Allen W. Sherzer" Subject: Re: Space Profits Newsgroups: sci.space Cc: In article <21256@crg5.UUCP> you write: >>The likely first lunar export will be oxygen, mined from the soil, and used to >>fuel ships on the Earth-Luna run. >Isn't this rather self-referential? Why are the ships going to Luna? They are going there to support the infrastructure on the moon. There are other markets as well. A lot of the weight we haul up now consists of upper stages and fuel. With cheaper lunar fuel it will be cheaper to fuel these upper stages in orbit. Eventually, we can reuse upper stages and keep them in orbit. Satellites in LEO can use this fuel for station keeping and be refueled in orbit. This reduces the cost of operations and encourages the launch of more satellites. Eventually, there will be enough there that we begin doing more and more repair in orbit. With all that repair equipment up there we will begin doing satellite integration work. This will reduce costs even more and encourage more activity. >>The main thing, though, is that we won't know what's valuable until >>we're there. >If by "we" you mean our senses enhanced by technology, I agree: >we won't find things until we explore in detail, all over the solar >system, not just in Death Valley. the preliminary survey is done. Now we must begin exploring in detail. Robots are not good enough to do all that themselves. (When geologists use teleoperated robots for their field work I'll believe you). >Gold and silver in large amounts did >not start flowing from America for nearly 50 years. Exactly. No profit making enterprise would ever have funded the colonization of the new world. Payoff time was just too long. Under your system where every step must make buisness sense the new world would never have been colonized. Allen -- +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Allen Sherzer |A MESSAGE FROM THE ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT TO THE PEOPLE OF KUWAIT: | |aws@iti.org | "If rape is inevitable, enjoy it!" | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 28 Feb 91 13:10:04 EST From: John Roberts Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are those of the sender and do not reflect NIST policy or agreement. Subject: Moons seen from Mars >From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) >Subject: Re: Can Mars moons be seen from Mars? >Date: 27 Feb 91 23:17:41 GMT >In article <1991Feb27.223259.22259@agate.berkeley.edu> korpela@stew.ssl.berkeley.edu (Eric J. Korpela) writes: >>Oops! Make that at least three. It may be possible for those with good eyes >>to separate the outer galilean satellites from Jupiter... >There have been anecdotal reports of it being just possible from Earth >for people with superb eyesight under extremely good conditions, I believe. >>From Mars the chances are better. If I calculated correctly, on Mars they should appear about 30% brighter than on Earth (peak brightness, not counting atmospheric differences), and the angular separation would be slightly greater. On Earth, on a good night, the Galilean satellites are easy to pick out with a good pair of 7 or 10-power binoculars. John Roberts roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #216 *******************